Człowiek – słownictwo na egzamin B2 First (FCE)
Poniżej znajdziesz najważniejsze słownictwo z zakresu „Człowiek”, które warto znać przed egzaminem B2 First (FCE). To jeden z podstawowych tematów pojawiających się w zadaniach Reading, Writing, Speaking oraz Use of English.
Przygotowałem listę najczęściej używanych słów i zwrotów dotyczących między innymi wyglądu zewnętrznego, cech charakteru, emocji, relacji międzyludzkich oraz zachowania. Każde słowo zostało dobrane z myślą o praktycznym wykorzystaniu podczas egzaminu, a materiał uzupełniają przykłady użycia i ćwiczenia pomagające utrwalić nowe słownictwo.
Opanowanie słownictwa z tego działu ułatwi Ci opisywanie osób, wyrażanie opinii, porównywanie zdjęć oraz tworzenie poprawnych wypowiedzi pisemnych i ustnych na poziomie B2.
Spis treści
1. Wygląd zewnętrzny
2. Charakter
3. Emocje i uczucia
4. Relacje międzyludzkie
5. Zachowanie
6. Umiejętności i cechy
7. Idiomy
Wygląd zewnętrzny
English
well-built
broad-shouldered
slim
lean
stocky
petite
slender
athletic
muscular
overweight
obese
middle-aged
elderly
youthful
fair-skinned
dark-skinned
pale
tanned
freckled
wrinkled
clean-shaven
curly-haired
wavy-haired
shoulder-length
bald
receding hairline
striking
good-looking
plain-looking
elegant
stylish
scruffy
fashionable
trendy
smartly dressed
casually dressed
distinctive
recognisable
youthful-looking
worn-out-looking
Polish
dobrze zbudowany
szeroki w ramionach
szczupły
szczupły, smukły
krępej budowy
drobnej budowy
smukły
wysportowany
umięśniony
z nadwagą
otyły
w średnim wieku
w podeszłym wieku
młodzieńczo wyglądający
o jasnej karnacji
o ciemnej karnacji
blady
opalony
piegowaty
pomarszczony
gładko ogolony
o kręconych włosach
o falowanych włosach
do ramion (o włosach)
łysy
zakola
uderzająco atrakcyjny
przystojny / atrakcyjny
przeciętnie wyglądający
elegancki
stylowy
niechlujny
modny
modny
elegancko ubrany
ubrany na co dzień
charakterystyczny
łatwy do rozpoznania
wyglądający młodo
wyglądający na zmęczonego życiem
Wygląd zewnętrzny – ćwiczenia
Ćwiczenie 1. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki.
receding hairline • freckled • well-groomed • broad-shouldered • wrinkled • plain-looking • scruffy • shoulder-length
Although he isn’t particularly attractive, he’s certainly not ugly—he’s simply rather __________.
She can easily be recognised because she’s __________ and her face is covered with small brown spots.
Even at the age of ninety, my grandmother’s face is only slightly __________.
The man looked untidy because his clothes were dirty, his hair was messy and he hadn’t shaved for days. He looked __________.
After years of losing his hair, he now has a noticeable __________.
The swimmer was tall and __________, which gave him an advantage in competitions.
Her __________ hair reached just below her shoulders.
He always looks smart, his hair is neatly styled and his clothes are perfectly clean. He’s extremely __________.
Ćwiczenie 2. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki.
lean • muscular • tanned • bald • elderly • stylish • overweight • distinctive
Thanks to years of weight training, his arms and shoulders are extremely __________.
Long-distance runners usually have a __________ body rather than a heavily built one.
After spending a month in Spain, she came home beautifully __________.
The police caught the suspect thanks to the __________ scar above his left eye.
My grandfather is over eighty-five now, so he’s considered __________.
He has no hair at all—he’s completely __________.
The designer is famous for creating __________ clothes that many celebrities wear.
The doctor advised him to lose some weight because he was __________.
Ćwiczenie 3. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki.
middle-aged • athletic • attractive • curly-haired • clean-shaven • stocky • pale • elegant
He exercises almost every day and has a very __________ figure.
The waiter was __________, with no beard or moustache at all.
She looked unusually __________ after spending three days in bed with a high fever.
He’s quite short and __________, with a strong, solid build.
The woman looked __________ in her long black evening dress.
The boy is easy to recognise because he’s __________ and both his parents have the same type of hair.
Although he’s no longer young, he’s still a __________ man with two teenage children.
The actor is considered extremely __________, and he appears in many advertising campaigns.
Charakter
English
ambitious
determined
reliable
trustworthy
considerate
thoughtful
supportive
confident
easy-going
outgoing
sociable
reserved
shy
mature
sensible
responsible
independent
open-minded
narrow-minded
creative
imaginative
patient
impatient
stubborn
determined
hard-working
lazy
generous
selfish
honest
dishonest
polite
rude
optimistic
pessimistic
organised
reliable
punctual
competitive
bossy
arrogant
modest
cheerful
moody
bad-tempered
witty
curious
sympathetic
sensitive
Polish
ambitny
zdeterminowany
godny zaufania
godny zaufania
troskliwy
troskliwy
wspierający
pewny siebie
wyluzowany
towarzyski
towarzyski
powściągliwy
nieśmiały
dojrzały
rozsądny
odpowiedzialny
samodzielny
otwarty
ograniczony w poglądach
kreatywny
pomysłowy
cierpliwy
niecierpliwy
uparty
zdeterminowany
pracowity
leniwy
hojny
samolubny
uczciwy
nieuczciwy
uprzejmy
nieuprzejmy
optymistyczny
pesymistyczny
zorganizowany
niezawodny
punktualny
ambitny, lubiący rywalizację
apodyktyczny
arogancki
skromny
pogodny
humorzasty
wybuchowy
dowcipny
ciekawski / ciekawy świata
współczujący
wrażliwy
Charakter – ćwiczenia
Ćwiczenie 1. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki.
stubborn • selfish • modest • reliable • punctual • considerate • open-minded • ambitious
Even though she won the national competition, she remained __________ and never boasted about her success.
He’s extremely __________ and has never been late for work in over ten years.
Sarah is very __________. She always thinks about other people’s feelings before making a decision.
Our manager is highly __________, and everyone knows they can depend on her.
Tom is so __________ that he refuses to change his opinion, even when everyone proves he’s wrong.
She’s incredibly __________ and dreams of becoming the CEO of an international company.
He never shares anything with anyone and only thinks about himself. He’s quite __________.
I like talking to my grandfather because he’s surprisingly __________ and enjoys hearing different opinions.
Ćwiczenie 2. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki.
sensitive • bossy • independent • competitive • arrogant • organised • impatient • optimistic
My sister hates waiting in queues and becomes __________ after only a few minutes.
He’s extremely __________ and always believes that everything will work out in the end.
She keeps telling everyone what to do, even when nobody asks for her advice. She’s rather __________.
Peter prefers solving problems on his own instead of asking for help because he’s very __________.
She plans everything in advance, keeps a detailed calendar and never forgets important dates. She’s highly __________.
He always believes he’s better than everyone else and rarely listens to other people’s opinions. He’s quite __________.
She gets upset easily when people criticise her work because she’s very __________.
Even during a friendly board game, he’s incredibly __________ and hates losing.
Ćwiczenie 3. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki.
determined • generous • reserved • sociable • responsible • dishonest • mature • creative
My cousin rarely starts conversations with strangers because he’s naturally quite __________.
She came up with an unusual solution that nobody else had thought of because she’s very __________.
Although he’s only sixteen, he’s surprisingly __________ and deals with problems calmly.
Jack is extremely __________ and often donates money to local charities.
You can’t trust him because he’s been __________ several times in the past.
Emma is very __________ and enjoys meeting new people wherever she goes.
She was __________ to pass the exam, so she studied every evening for three months.
As the oldest child in the family, he’s expected to be __________ for looking after his younger brother.
Emocje i uczucia
English
delighted
thrilled
relieved
satisfied
grateful
proud
amazed
impressed
enthusiastic
inspired
disappointed
frustrated
embarrassed
ashamed
guilty
annoyed
irritated
upset
miserable
heartbroken
anxious
nervous
stressed
overwhelmed
exhausted
confused
puzzled
shocked
surprised
terrified
frightened
terrified
suspicious
jealous
envious
lonely
homesick
relaxed
calm
confident
insecure
hopeful
doubtful
curious
determined
unwilling
eager
motivated
discouraged
touched
be in a good mood
be in a bad mood
lose your temper
keep your cool
burst into tears
calm down
cheer somebody up
get nervous
feel under pressure
have mixed feelings
Polish
zachwycony
podekscytowany
odczuwający ulgę
usatysfakcjonowany
wdzięczny
dumny
zdumiony
pod wrażeniem
entuzjastyczny
zainspirowany
rozczarowany
sfrustrowany
zawstydzony
zawstydzony / pełen wstydu
mający poczucie winy
poirytowany
zirytowany
zdenerwowany / przygnębiony
nieszczęśliwy
ze złamanym sercem
zaniepokojony
zdenerwowany
zestresowany
przytłoczony
wyczerpany
zdezorientowany
zdezorientowany / zdziwiony
zszokowany
zaskoczony
przerażony
przestraszony
przerażony
podejrzliwy
zazdrosny
zawistny
samotny
stęskniony za domem
zrelaksowany
spokojny
pewny siebie
niepewny siebie
pełen nadziei
pełen wątpliwości
ciekawy
zdeterminowany
niechętny
chętny, pełen zapału
zmotywowany
zniechęcony
wzruszony
być w dobrym humorze
być w złym humorze
stracić panowanie nad sobą
zachować spokój
wybuchnąć płaczem
uspokoić się
pocieszyć, rozweselić
zdenerwować się
czuć presję
mieć mieszane uczucia
Emocje i uczucia – ćwiczenia
Ćwiczenie 1. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki.
proud • homesick • relieved • disappointed • embarrassed • anxious • thrilled • guilty
- After finding my missing passport in my backpack, I felt incredibly __________.
- Kate was __________ when everyone started laughing after she tripped over during her presentation.
- He felt __________ because he had lied to his best friend.
- We were absolutely __________ when we found out we’d won tickets to the concert.
- Waiting for the results of the medical tests made her feel extremely __________.
- My parents were __________ of me after I graduated from university with honours.
- Although she enjoys studying abroad, she sometimes feels __________ and misses her family.
- We were really __________ when the festival was cancelled at the last minute.
Ćwiczenie 2. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki.
enthusiastic • insecure • exhausted • suspicious • grateful • puzzled • jealous • overwhelmed
- After working twelve hours a day for the entire week, he felt completely __________.
- She was __________ for all the support her friends gave her during a difficult time.
- I was __________ by the amount of work I had to finish before Friday.
- His explanation didn’t make much sense, so everyone looked rather __________.
- Emma became __________ when her sister received all the attention from their parents.
- The children were __________ about visiting the science museum and couldn’t stop talking about it.
- The police officer became __________ when the man kept changing his story.
- Since changing schools, he’s been feeling __________ and often doubts his own abilities.
Ćwiczenie 3. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki.
hopeful • touched • discouraged • inspired • ashamed • frustrated • terrified • amazed
- After reading about her success, I felt __________ to start working harder towards my own goals.
- We were __________ by the magician’s incredible performance and couldn’t explain how he did it.
- She felt __________ after failing her driving test for the third time despite months of practice.
- His kind words and unexpected gift left me deeply __________.
- The little boy was __________ when he saw a huge dog running towards him.
- Although the treatment is difficult, the doctors are __________ that she’ll recover soon.
- He was __________ of the way he had behaved during the argument and apologised immediately afterwards.
- After receiving several job rejections, she became __________ and considered giving up completely.
Relacje międzyludzkie
English
get on well with
get along with
fall out with
make up with
keep in touch
lose touch
get to know
make friends
trust
earn somebody’s trust
betray
support
encourage
admire
respect
forgive
apologise
argue
quarrel
offend
criticise
praise
compliment
influence
persuade
convince
rely on
depend on
care about
look after
get married
be engaged
break up
get divorced
have a lot in common
have an argument
make a good impression
keep a promise
let somebody down
get involved
fit in
get together
socialise
misunderstand
gossip
bully
get upset with somebody
settle an argument
build a relationship
make a compromise
Polish
dobrze się z kimś dogadywać
dobrze się z kimś dogadywać
pokłócić się z kimś
pogodzić się z kimś
utrzymywać kontakt
stracić kontakt
poznać kogoś
zaprzyjaźnić się
ufać
zdobyć czyjeś zaufanie
zdradzić
wspierać
zachęcać
podziwiać
szanować
wybaczać
przepraszać
kłócić się
pokłócić się
obrazić
krytykować
chwalić
skomplementować
wpływać na
przekonać
przekonać
polegać na
być zależnym od
troszczyć się o
opiekować się
wziąć ślub
być zaręczonym
rozstać się
rozwieść się
mieć wiele wspólnego
pokłócić się
zrobić dobre wrażenie
dotrzymać obietnicy
zawieść kogoś
zaangażować się
pasować do grupy
spotkać się
spotykać się towarzysko
źle zrozumieć
plotkować
prześladować
zdenerwować się na kogoś
zażegnać konflikt
budować relację
pójść na kompromis
Relacje międzyludzkie – ćwiczenia
Ćwiczenie 1. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki. Dwa słowa zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują do żadnego ze zdań.
fall out with • get to know • apologise • rely on • keep in touch • make friends • persuade • break up • get married • betray
You can always __________ your older brother because he never lets you down.
I was nervous on my first day at university, but I quickly managed to __________ with my classmates.
If you’ve done something wrong, you should __________ instead of pretending nothing happened.
It took us a few weeks to __________ our new neighbours after they moved in next door.
She tried to __________ her parents to let her spend a year studying abroad.
Although they live in different countries now, they still __________ by video calling every weekend.
They decided to __________ after realising they wanted completely different things in life.
Tom __________ his best friend after telling everyone about his private problems.
Ćwiczenie 2. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki. Dwa słowa zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują do żadnego ze zdań.
argue • admire • care about • forgive • support • lose touch • respect • encourage • depend on • get divorced
My parents always __________ me to do my best, even when I doubt myself.
I really __________ people who volunteer to help others without expecting anything in return.
True friends __________ each other when life becomes difficult.
It’s important to __________ other people’s opinions, even if you don’t agree with them.
I haven’t seen Mark for nearly fifteen years—we completely __________ after primary school.
She found it difficult to __________ her brother for lying to her.
Good friends genuinely __________ each other’s happiness.
Young children usually __________ their parents for almost everything.
Ćwiczenie 3. Uzupełnij zdania. Wstaw odpowiednie słowo z ramki. Dwa słowa zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują do żadnego ze zdań.
trust • have a lot in common • get on well with • quarrel • influence • care about • keep a promise • socialise • have an argument • look after
We both enjoy travelling, photography and hiking, so we __________.
I really __________ my grandparents because they’ve never lied to me.
Sarah and her colleagues __________ each other, which makes working together much easier.
My older sister had to __________ me while our parents were at work.
Good leaders can __________ people without forcing them to do anything.
I was disappointed because he failed to __________ after saying he would help me.
Brothers and sisters sometimes __________ over silly things, but they usually make up quickly.
He doesn’t like to __________ after work and usually goes straight home.
Zachowanie
English
behave
behaviour
misbehave
polite
impolite
rude
disrespectful
respectful
calm
patient
impatient
aggressive
violent
nervous
anxious
confident
shy
outgoing
loud
quiet
noisy
annoying
irritating
helpful
unhelpful
cooperative
uncooperative
honest
dishonest
fair
unfair
responsible
irresponsible
mature
immature
obedient
disobedient
self-controlled
impulsive
sarcastic
cheeky
arrogant
bossy
demanding
strict
flexible
considerate
thoughtless
supportive
disrespectful
Polish
zachowywać się
zachowanie
źle się zachowywać
uprzejmy
nieuprzejmy
niegrzeczny
lekceważący, nie okazujący szacunku
pełen szacunku
spokojny
cierpliwy
niecierpliwy
agresywny
gwałtowny, agresywny
nerwowy
zaniepokojony
pewny siebie
nieśmiały
towarzyski
głośny
cichy
hałaśliwy
irytujący
denerwujący
pomocny
niepomocny
współpracujący
niewspółpracujący
uczciwy
nieuczciwy
sprawiedliwy
niesprawiedliwy
odpowiedzialny
nieodpowiedzialny
dojrzały
niedojrzały
posłuszny
nieposłuszny
opanowany
impulsywny
sarkastyczny
bezczelny (lekko żartobliwie)
arogancki
apodyktyczny
wymagający
surowy
elastyczny
troskliwy
nierozważny
wspierający
brak szacunku
Zachowanie – ćwiczenia
Ćwiczenie 1
polite • rude • impatient • well-behaved • aggressive • calm • noisy • considerate • impulsive • arrogant
- Even in stressful situations, she always stays completely __________ and never panics.
- The children were extremely __________ during the school trip and followed every instruction.
- He tends to be __________ and often interrupts people before they finish speaking.
- The man became __________ when someone accidentally stepped on his foot in the queue.
- She is very __________ and always thinks about how her actions might affect others.
- The teenagers were so __________ in the cinema that other people complained.
- He is incredibly __________ and often makes decisions without thinking about the consequences.
- The waiter was extremely __________ and refused to help us properly.
Ćwiczenie 2
respectful • disrespectful • responsible • irresponsible • shy • outgoing • strict • flexible • bossy • impatient
- My teacher is very __________ and always expects students to follow the rules exactly.
- She is quite __________ and finds it difficult to start conversations with strangers.
- He is very __________ and often tells other people what to do, even when it’s not his job.
- Good employees are usually __________ and can be trusted to complete tasks on time.
- The manager was very __________ when speaking to the staff, even during disagreements.
- He is extremely __________ and never waits calmly in queues.
- My cousin is very __________ and loves meeting new people at parties.
- Some teenagers behave in a __________ way towards adults, which causes problems at school.
Ćwiczenie 3
mature • immature • honest • dishonest • cooperative • uncooperative • supportive • unhelpful • annoying • thoughtful
- She is very __________ for her age and handles problems in a sensible way.
- He gave a completely __________ answer, even though everyone knew he was lying.
- The student was __________ during group work and refused to help anyone.
- My friend is always __________ and helps me when I have difficulties.
- The child behaved in a very __________ way, laughing during a serious discussion.
- The receptionist was extremely __________ and didn’t explain anything clearly.
- He is usually very __________ and works well with other people in a team.
- Her constant interruptions during the lesson were really __________ for the teacher.
Umiejętności i cechy
English
skill
ability
talent
talented
skilled
experienced
inexperienced
capable
incapable
proficient
fluent
creative
imaginative
logical
analytical
practical
organised
disorganised
efficient
inefficient
competent
incompetent
knowledgeable
well-informed
quick learner
slow learner
problem-solving skills
communication skills
teamwork skills
leadership skills
IT skills
technical skills
interpersonal skills
time management
multitasking
adaptability
flexibility
attention to detail
accuracy
precision
confidence
self-confidence
motivation
dedication
commitment
hard-working
reliable
independent
resourceful
ambitious
determined
Polish
umiejętność
zdolność
talent
utalentowany
wykwalifikowany / biegły
doświadczony
niedoświadczony
zdolny
niezdolny
biegły
biegle posługujący się (językiem)
kreatywny
pomysłowy
logiczny
analityczny
praktyczny
zorganizowany
niezorganizowany
efektywny
nieefektywny
kompetentny
niekompetentny
posiadający wiedzę
dobrze poinformowany
szybko uczący się
wolno uczący się
umiejętność rozwiązywania problemów
umiejętności komunikacyjne
umiejętność pracy w zespole
umiejętności przywódcze
umiejętności informatyczne
umiejętności techniczne
umiejętności interpersonalne
zarządzanie czasem
wykonywanie wielu zadań jednocześnie
zdolność adaptacji
elastyczność
dbałość o szczegóły
dokładność
precyzja
pewność siebie
pewność siebie
motywacja
zaangażowanie
zaangażowanie
pracowity
godny zaufania
niezależny
zaradny
ambitny
zdeterminowany
Umiejętności i cechy – ćwiczenia
Ćwiczenie 1
quick learner • organised • inexperienced • skilled • communication skills • time management • motivated • incapable • efficient • attention to detail
- Even though he is still new in the job, he is very __________ and understands instructions after seeing them once.
- The project failed because the team had poor __________ and never finished tasks on time.
- She is extremely __________ and always completes her work faster than others without making mistakes.
- The new employee is very __________ and still makes a lot of basic mistakes.
- Good journalists need excellent __________ to clearly express ideas in interviews.
- He is very __________ and always keeps his desk, files and schedule perfectly in order.
- The designer checked every small element because of her strong __________.
- He is highly __________ and wants to improve his skills as quickly as possible.
Ćwiczenie 2
teamwork skills • leadership skills • adaptable • confident • unreliable • analytical • problem-solving skills • capable • disorganised • well-informed
- She is very __________ and can easily adjust to new situations or changes.
- Good managers need strong __________ to guide and motivate their teams.
- He is extremely __________ and never prepares properly for meetings or deadlines.
- Doctors must have excellent __________ to make the right decisions under pressure.
- The candidate is very __________ and always checks facts before giving opinions.
- She is __________ and often cancels plans at the last minute.
- Working in customer service requires strong __________.
- He is very __________ and believes in his own abilities even in difficult situations.
Ćwiczenie 3
experienced • creative • independent • inefficient • motivated • capable • flexibility • accuracy • hard-working • incompetent
- After ten years in the industry, she is a very __________ professional.
- He is extremely __________ and often stays late to finish all his tasks.
- The engineer was considered __________ because he repeatedly made serious mistakes.
- She is very __________ and prefers working alone rather than in a team.
- Good employees show __________ when they can change plans quickly if needed.
- His work is very __________ because he wastes time and repeats tasks unnecessarily.
- The accountant checks every number twice to ensure complete __________.
- She is very __________ and always looks for new ideas and solutions.
Idiomy – człowiek
English
have a heart of gold
wear your heart on your sleeve
have a chip on your shoulder
have a short fuse
be two-faced
stand your ground
be stuck in your ways
break the ice
bury the hatchet
be over the moon
feel down in the dumps
be in hot water
be in deep water
be in the same boat
bite someone’s head off
keep a straight face
be full of yourself
be at odds with someone
lose your temper
keep your cool
Polish
hbyć bardzo dobrym człowiekiem
okazywać emocje otwarcie
być urażonym / mieć kompleksy
szybko się denerwować
być dwulicowym
nie ustąpić
nie zmieniać swoich przyzwyczajeń
przełamać pierwsze lody
pogodzić się po konflikcie
być bardzo szczęśliwym
być bardzo przygnębionym
być w kłopotach
być w poważnych kłopotach
być w tej samej sytuacji co inni
ostro kogoś zrugać
nie okazywać emocji
być zarozumiałym
być w konflikcie z kimś
stracić panowanie nad sobą
zachować spokój